Arthritis in dogs may be the result of aging, injury or a congenital disorder such as hip dysplasia, a malformation of the hips common in some breeds of large dogs. The arthritic dog may suffer from pain, lameness, stiffness, and trouble getting up from a sitting or prone position. Various medications can help ease these symptoms.
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Aspirin
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Aspirin, inexpensive and readily available over the counter, is often the first medication chosen to treat arthritis in dogs. But aspirin can cause stomach upset in dogs. Dr. R.M. Clemmons, associate professor of neurology and neurosurgery at the veterinary college of Florida State University, recommends giving buffered or enteric-coated aspirin to lessen the chance of stomach upset. He says this aspirin is usually well-tolerated and may be given at a rate of 1mg to 5mg per kilogram of body weight of the dog, three times a day. Other over-the-counter anti-inflammatories, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen, should not be given to dogs.
Carprofen
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Sold under the brand name Rimadyl, carprofen is commonly used to treat the pain and inflammation of arthritis in dogs. Sold as a liver-flavored, chewable tablet or unflavored caplets, carprofen is given once or twice a day. The drug is also available as an injectable, though this form is more often used to treat surgical pain. Carprofen is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug. The drug can adversely affect the liver, so dogs taking carprofen should be regularly monitored for signs of problems such as loss of appetite, vomiting and diarrhea, or yellowing of the gums or eyes. Your veterinarian may prescribe periodic blood tests to monitor liver functions.
Etolodac
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Etolodac is sold under the brand name EtoGesic. Another in the family of NSAIDs, etolodac lessens inflammation and pain. The drug is also used to treat human arthritis. EtoGesic is given once a day. Possible side effects include stomach upset and elevated liver enzymes. If your dog experiences vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, yellowing of the gums or eyes, or a change in behavior, the maker of etolodac, Fort Dodge Animal Health, recommends contacting your veterinarian immediately. Your vet may require regular blood tests if your dog is taking etolodac.
Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan
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Sold under the brand name Adequan, polysufated glycosaminoglycan is a liquid that's injected into the joint to cushion and protect the cartilage. It can relieve the pain of arthritis and slow the deterioration of the joint. Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan is a prescription medication and must be administered by a veterinarian. The drug has few side effects but is more expensive than oral medications, and the injections must be repeated regularly. Adequan is usually given twice weekly for eight weeks.
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