An ovariohysterectomy is a medical procedure that includes the complete removal of a female dog's reproductive tract. This surgery is commonly known as "spaying." It is a major surgery that is often recommended in the United States. In many other countries, spaying is limited to medically necessary situations. There are many benefits attributed to spaying. Benefits include a preventing unwanted pregnancy and reduction is certain cancers and other illnesses. There are also risks attributed to spaying.
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Cancer
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A dog spayed prior to maturity is three times more likely to be diagnosed with osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma is a cancer common in larger breed dogs.
Splenic hemangiosarcoma and cardiac hemangiosarcoma are cancers that also appear as a higher risk in spayed dogs.
Hypothyroidism
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Spayed dogs are three times more at risk of contracting hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is more common in medium to large breed dogs. It effects the dog's metabolic rate.
Obesity
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An increase in obesity is seen in spayed dogs. Obesity can lead to a variety of health issues.
Incontinence
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A spayed female dog has a higher risk of spay incontinence. This results in the dog having a decreased ability to control urination. Spotting and dribbling of urine may occur.
Urinary Tract Infections
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Recurring urinary tract infections are three to four times more common in spayed dogs than in intact females. Urinary tract infection occur when bacteria enters the urinary tract. This type of infection leads to incontinence.
Surgery
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The risk of anesthesia and surgery should also be considered.
Other
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Other potential risks include orthopedic disorders, vaginitis, recessed vulva and vaginal dermatitis. Some spayed dogs show an increase in aggression. Urinary tract tumors are uncommon but the risk is doubled in spayed dogs. Adverse vaccination reactions are more common in spayed females.
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