Lymphoma is a malignant cancer of the lymph system, and it accounts for 10 to 20 percent of all canine cancers. There are five classifications based on the body system affected. There is no cure, but the disease is generally responsive to chemotherapy in the short term.
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Cause
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Some breeds are more prone to lymphoma. The cause of lymphoma isn't clear, but environmental factors like pesticide use and exposure to strong magnetic fields have been implicated. Genetics also play a role.
Symptoms
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Dogs with very early lymphoma may appear perfectly healthy. The symptoms of lymphoma vary depending on the location and severity of the cancer. The first sign is usually a nonpainful swelling of the lymph nodes. Other signs can include gastrointestinal upsets, lethargy, difficulty breathing, decreased appetite and weight loss.
Diagnosis
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Some lymphomas will show up on radiographs. Diagnostic tests are chosen based on the type of lymphoma suspected. They may include biopsy of lymph nodes, radiographs, ultrasound and blood work.
Staging
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A dog with a more advanced stage of lymphoma won't respond as well to treatment as a dog at a lower stage. There are five stages of lymphoma, from one to five, with five being the most advanced. It's important to stage the cancer in order to prepare a treatment plan.
Treatment
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Most dogs tolerate chemo well, and can have a good quality of life during treatment. Lymphoma is generally chemotherapy-responsive. Chemo can involve the use of a single drug or multiple drugs, given over an extended period of time. It can be costly.
Prognosis
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If the dog is in remission for 1 1/2 years, chemotherapy can be stopped. Without treatment, the average life span from diagnosis is only four to six weeks. With treatment, 40 to 45 percent of dogs live one year. Success of treatment depends on the location and stage of the cancer, and condition of the dog.
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