Lymphedema is a form of swelling in the limbs that occurs when a blockage prevents the flow of lymph, causing it to pool below the obstruction. It occurs in two forms, primary and secondary. Dogs exhibiting symptoms should see a vet for medical diagnosis and treatment.
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Lymph and Lymphodema
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Lymph is a naturally occurring, protein-rich body fluid that cycles through the system as a part of normal circulation. When the passage of lymph through the appropriate vessels and nodes is blocked, the fluid backs up into limbs.
Primary Lymphedema
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Primary Lymphedema is a genetic or congenital trait, and is either visible at the time of birth, or will surface in the first year of life. According to the Canine Inherited Disorder Database, this condition has only been reported in the Belgian Tervuren, borzoi, English bulldog, German shepherd, German short-haired pointer, Great Dane, Labrador retriever, old English sheepdog, poodle and rottweiler.
Secondary Lymphedema
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Secondary Lymphedema occurs as the result of a specific trauma. Common causes include damage to lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes due to blunt force, infection, cancer or radiation.
Symptoms
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The primary symptom is the pooling of fluid, causing swelling in the limbs. Look for a limb to begin swelling at the toe, and spread upward as the tissue fills with lymph.
Treatment
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There is no cure for lymphedema. Veterinarians typically work to minimize the symptoms of the condition by controlling swelling.
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