Canine hip dysplasia is a developmental orthopedic disease in which the ball and socket joint that makes up the hip does not fit together snugly. Hip dysplasia is passed on genetically, so careful breeding is necessary to reduce this disease. It affects mostly large breeds, such as Rottweilers, Dobermans and German shepherds.
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Cause
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A combination of genetics and environmental factors work together to bring on the symptoms of this disease.
According to Doctors Foster & Smith, most researchers agree that hip dysplasia is a genetic disease. If a dog has hip dysplasia, then there is a greater chance that its offspring too will develop hip dysplasia. If a dog's lineage is free of hip dysplasia, it would be highly unlikely for that dog to develop hip dysplasia.
Environmental factors that increase the risk of canine hip dysplasia include obesity, excessive calcium in the dog's diet, high protein diets, lack of exercise and strenuous work.
Effects
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Damage is done to the hyaline cartilage in the hip joint. Initially, the friction in the hip joint damages the hyaline cartilage (cartilage that lines the hip joint). The cartilage is further damaged by the release of enzymes that decrease the synthesis of proteoglycans (joint protectant). This causes the cartilage to become stiff and thin. More enzymes are released that affect hyaluronate and glycosaminoglycans (joint protectant) production. Lubrication of the joint is insignificant and inflammation and pain result.
Symptoms
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In most cases, symptoms are not recognized until the condition is severe. Signs include decreased energy, difficulty getting up, a bunny-hopping gait, inability to climb stairs, soreness and lameness in hind legs.
Diagnosis
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A physical exam and X-rays are needed to diagnose hip dysplasia. The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA), recommends the hip-extended ventrodorsal view X-ray be done. It provides a clear image of the hip joint and pelvis and allows for an evaluation of the extent of arthritis.
Treatment
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There are several non-surgical methods for treating hip dysplasia, such as pain medications (aspirin, anti-inflammatories), weight-loss programs, controlled exercise, swimming and physical therapy. Riadyl and Etogesic are used to reduce inflammation in the joints and nutraceuticals supply the raw materials, which boost the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan and hyaluronate.
Surgery
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Numerous surgical procedures can be performed. Prophylactic and therapeutic procedures are the two types of surgical options for hip dysplasia. Prophylactic surgery works to prevent the progression of arthritis, while therapeutic surgery treats or repairs arthritic hips.
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