Struvite crystals are small formations usually found in normal canine urine and are composed of magnesium, ammonium and Phosphate deposits. Although the presence of these crystals is not unusual, large amounts can lead to the formation of stones, causing additional complications.
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Occurance
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According to Mar Vista Animal Medical Center, 85 percent of dogs with struvite crystals are female. Some breeds are more likely to develop struvite crystals and include the beagle, miniature schnauzer and English cocker spaniel.
Cause
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An increased amount of ammonia in the urine causes the formation of struvite crystals. This increase can be caused by bacteria from a urinary tract infection or from a diet consisting of mainly plant proteins.
Symptoms
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Symptoms of struvite crystals include straining to urinate, blood in the urine and frequent urination. If your dog is unable to produce urine, take it to the veterinarian right away, there may be a stone blocking its urinary tract which can lead to life threatening complications.
Diagnosis
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A history of urinary tract infections and a high pH level in the urine are indicative of struvite crystals. A urine culture and urinalysis are routinely performed to determine the type of bacteria present as well as the pH level of the urine.
Treatment
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Antibiotic treatment of the underlying urinary tract infection will help prevent the formation of struvite crystals. If stones are large, surgical removal is often required.
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