Xylitol is a sugar substitute found in sugar-free and low-carbohydrate products. It is dangerous to dogs because it affects their metabolism differently than it does that of humans; it can cause blood sugar levels to rapidly drop, which is known as hypoglycemia. Veterinarians suggest keeping the product away from all pets, and contacting them immediately if ingestion is suspected. The dangers can vary in length and severity, depending on how high the toxicity level.
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Vomiting and Diarrhea
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Vomiting is induced if treatment is sought soon after ingestion, so this isn't necessarily a bad thing. But it's been reported that xylitol can have a laxative effect on dogs which, combined with vomiting, also could cause dehydration.
Seizures
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Just as diabetic people experience seizures when blood sugar levels rise or fall rapidly, this can happen to dogs when they ingest xylitol. Intravenous doses of dextrose can be used to control hypoglycemia, followed by small, frequent meals once the pet is responding to treatment.
Liver Damage or Failure
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One of the liver's primary functions, among other things, it to store extra sugar to prevent shortages. So when hypoglycemia occurs and the liver doesn't have adequate sugar levels, it becomes stressed and its other functions become affected as well.
Death
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Prognosis for a successful recovery is good if treatment is initiated within an hour following the ingestion of xylitol. But the progression of the effects are rapid, and death can occur within 12 to 14 hours if treatment is not administered.
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