Shots were once given yearly to dogs, with all vaccines considered necessary. Recently, guidelines have changed regarding when to vaccinate pets and what shots are required for an animal's health.
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Rabies
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The first shot is usually required by 6 months of age, with boosters one year later and then every one to three years, depending on state regulations.
Puppy
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The Colorado Veterinary Medical Association recommends distemper, parvovirus, adenovirus 2 and parainfluenza vaccines from 6 to 11 weeks of age and then every 3 to 4 weeks until 16 weeks of age. For pups 12 weeks or older, give initial shots and repeat these at least once. Bordetella, coronavirus and leptospirosis are optional but recommended for pups around other dogs or in high-risk areas.
Adults
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Adult dogs need boosters one year after initial vaccinations. According to the World Small Animal Veterinary Association, core revaccinations should be given every three years. Consult your veterinarian about optional shots; Bordetella and others may require boosters every 6 to 12 months.
Titers
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Adult dog owners may prefer blood titers over revaccination. Titers help determine sufficient antibodies from previous vaccines and whether revaccination is needed.
Considerations
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Ask your veterinarian which vaccine brands are used and about their effectiveness, as protection levels vary. Do not vaccinate sick dogs.
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