Pronation refers to the movement of limbs, referring to motion toward the outside plane of the body. Supination, a term often paired with pronation, refers to motion toward the center of the body. Although a normal part of the dog's movement, pronation can become distorted and have a negative effect.
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Normal Pronation
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According to canine rehabilitation practitioner Debbie Gross Saunders, a dog should possess normal pronation of approximately 45 degrees, starting at the elbow and hip joints.
A Dog's Gait
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The dog's joints should be flexible. When dogs change direction while moving, it is necessary for their legs to be capable of sufficient rotation to provide fluid motion. Sturdy pasterns---the dog's "ankle" (actually its heel)---provide support for this motion
Pronounced Pronation: Standing
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A dog with forelegs having pronounced pronation is said to have an "easty-westy" front. The easty-westy front often results from pasterns weakened by excessive exercise when the dog was a developing puppy, but may be hereditary.
Improving Pronation
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Dogs with weakness in their forelimbs can be assisted through range-of-motion stretching exercises. Trotting the dog in alternating circles, weaving through traffic cones, or in alternating left and right turns will strengthen both pronation and supination.
Conclusion
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Dogs require a certain degree of pronation and supination to maintain a normal gait. Many resources exist for dog trainers and owners that can assist with physically conditioning a dog.
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