Idiopathic epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in dogs, characterized by seizures of varying frequency and intensity. The term "idiopathic" means the cause is unknown, but there may be a genetic component as some breeds are more affected than others.
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Types of Seizures
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The classic "grand mal" seizure involves the dog collapsing and then a rhythmic jaw-chomping, limb-paddling motion. Dogs can also have focal seizures, which may involve twitching of the face, "fly biting" or other abnormal behavior. Idiopathic epilepsy seizures are symmetrical, involving both sides of the face or body equally.
Diagnosis
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Dogs with idiopathic epilepsy usually have their first seizure between 1 and 3 years of age. Blood work and X-rays of the dog's chest and abdomen are done to rule out other possible causes of seizures. The results will be normal in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.
Other Causes of Seizures
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Other health conditions can cause seizures, including liver or kidney disorders, injuries, infections, or tumors. Vertigo or heart disease may cause the dog to faint, which is often mistaken for a seizure.
Treatment
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Phenobarbital is the cheapest and most effective drug for controlling canine seizures. Other common treatments are potassium bromide or diazepam. Any of these drugs may be given in combination.
Prognosis
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Most dogs with idiopathic epilepsy can live normal lives with medication to control seizures. Owners should keep a log of seizure activity to detect trends and determine whether the seizures are becoming more or less frequent over time.
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