Many dog diets and commercial foods contain an abundance of omega-6 fatty acids, but lack sufficient omega-3, according to Sandra R. Merchant DVM Diplomate ACVD of Louisiana State University. Fatty acids are called "essential" because dogs can't produce them; they must be provided in the diet. They are especially helpful in combating dry skin, improving coat and relieving itching, and can be given as supplements.
-
Types and Sources
-
Omega-3 fatty acids play many roles. They help in joint and neurological development, nourish skin and coat, and are a natural anti-inflammatory. There are three types of omega-3 fatty acids: alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). They are found in meat--primarily fish, and from some plant sources, such as flax seed oil. Fish or flax seed oil capsules are well tolerated by dogs, who will often eat them like treats. Most pet stores carry omega-3 supplements for dogs, and they can also eat omega-3 supplements sold for human use. Your vet may also carry or recommend omega-3 supplements. Additionally, you can add fish, such as canned sardines, salmon or mackerel, to your dog's diet. These are very high in omega-3 and will benefit dry skin.
Dosages
-
There is no set recommendation for omega-3 dosage, and researchers are still trying to determine the optimum ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 in the diet. One study suggests that 180 mg per 10 lbs. daily was beneficial for dry skin due to allergies. The Fosters and Smith omega-3 supplement has a suggested dose of 1.000 mg daily for dogs up to 20 lbs, and 1,000 mg per 20 lbs. for larger dogs. Most omega-3 supplements for humans come in 1,000 mg capsules and can be given at the same dosage.
Cautions
-
High doses of omega-3--1,000 mg or higher per 10 lbs. of dog weight--may thin the blood and prevent clotting. Omega-3 supplementation can also deplete antioxidants such as vitamin E. Mary Strauss of dogaware.com suggests supplementing with low doses of vitamin E--no more than 100 IU daily for a small dog, 200 IU for a medium-sized dog, or 400 IU for a larger dog. Vitamin E does not have to be given every day because it is fat-soluble and stored in the dog's body. Many dogs will eat the capsules like treats. If the dog won't eat omega-3 or fish oil capsules, the end can be snipped or punctured, and the oil drizzled on food.
-