Mites are irritating pests that cause painful itching and sores. Skin mite infestations are commonly called "mange." Mites can infect virtually any part of a dog's coat, including inside the ears. There are a number of treatments for mites, but they have side effects.
-
How Mites Manifest
-
Mites are tiny bugs that, when not controlled, will irritate the skin by burrowing into the hair follicles and causing discomfort to a dog. Itching and scratching can result in scabs and lesions on a dog's skin, as well as hair loss. Mites can also burrow into the ears and live in the ear canals, feeding on ear wax and fluids. Ear mites are exceptionally contagious, and can be transferred between pets (dogs, cats, hamsters, etc.).
Causes of Mites
-
Young dogs, or older pets with a compromised immune system, are more susceptible to mite infestations, because they lack the immunity to control the population naturally.
Ear mites are very contagious, so if a dog comes in contact with any animal that has ear mites, they can be infected.
Treatments for Mites
-
Mite infestations on the skin are usually treated topically, with medicated shampoos or liquid medication. Young dogs can develop immunity to control the natural mite population on their body, and control the infestations as they grow. One of the cornerstones of treating mites is ensuring that a dog is getting the appropriate nutrients, including fatty acids, to support a healthy immune system.
Ear mites can be treated with medicated ear drops, or alcohol or mineral oil based ear solutions.
Side Effects from Topical Treatment
-
Medications that treat mite infestions, such as Mitaban and Preventic, can cause additional skin or eye irritations in animals with sensitive skin. These prescription drugs contain the active ingredient amitraz and should not be used on young dogs (under 6 weeks of age), or small dogs (less than 1.5 pounds). This medication has not been tested on pregnant animals, so it should be used with caution. Some treatments containing amitraz are available over the counter but should be used with veterinarian supervision. Most of these medications are available by prescription only.
Some dogs might react to ear mite solutions with dry or irritated skin in or around the ear. For these kind of reactions, use a mild soap and warm water to wash the area. Consult with a veterinarian if symptoms persist.
Tablet Medication Side Effects
-
The tablet medication, milbemycin, is used by veterinarians in an off-label capacity when treating mange. This is a heartworm medication that has been found effective in treating mite (or other parasite) infestation. Milbemycin can cause side effects such as vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite or itchy skin. Dogs should be checked for heartworms before taking milbemycin, to avoid complications.
Lufenuron (found in the Program treatment) is also available in tablet to treat mites. It can also be injected. Side effects from this medication can include vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, loss of appetite and difficulty breathing. If injected, the site of injection can also redden and form a bump.
Precautions
-
Whenever treating mites, understanding the potential side effects that your dog might experience is critical when beginning a therapy. Whether using an over-the-counter or prescription product, consult with a veterinarian to minimize the risk of adverse reactions or side effects.
-