Ruptured hair follicles (furunculosis) can be caused by a variety of skin conditions ranging from allergies to parasites. Your veterinarian may perform a microscopic examination of a skin scraping to determine the cause.
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Acne
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Acne is usually localized to the chin and lip area. Simple cases of acne are treated with daily use of benzoyl peroxide gel. Chronic cases or bacterial infections may be treated with a six-to-eight-week course of antibiotics.
Demodicosis
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Demodex mites are commonly found on dogs' skin. Demodicosis occurs when the mites become overpopulated, causing an inflammatory response leading to ruptured hair follicles. Mild cases require no treatment; advanced or chronic cases require eight to 12 weeks of specialized shampoo, dips and oral antiparasitic medication.
Pyoderma
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Pyoderma is a bacterial skin infection that causes itchy yellow pustules that become crusty when the hair follicle ruptures. Treatment involves removing the hair from the affected area and bathing in a benzoyl peroxide shampoo. An antibiotic ointment as well as oral antibiotics for three to four weeks may also be prescribed.
Pemphigus Foliaceous
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Pemphigus Foliaceous is an autoimmune disease that causes pustules and rupture of the hair follicles. Immunosuppressive drugs are prescribed and may need to be continued for the remainder of the dog's life.
Interdigital Furunculosis
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Interdigital furunculosis is an infection of the hair follicles between the toes. Treatment involves topical antibiotic and oral medications for up to eight weeks.
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