Similar to humans, dogs need to maintain a certain weight in order to survive. Having an emaciated or severely underweight dog can lead to a number of expensive and painful health problems and eventually death. Healthy weights and body mass are determined by the dog breeds. The weight standard for one breed might equate to being overweight or underweight for another breed. It's important to know the proper weight range for your dog's breed, so you have the ability to maintain that weight through diet and exercise.
Instructions
Check the breed standard. Breed associations, like the American Kennel Club (AKC), have detailed information on specific dog breeds including what appropriate weights are for both sexes. Check out the information for your specific breed online or in print and this will give you a good idea of a healthy weight for your dog. If you don't have a purebred dog, select the breed that is dominant. For example, for a Husky/Chow mix, you might look up the standard weight for a Husky.
Perform a visual check. If the dog has a shiny, healthy coat, bright eyes and generally displays good health, his weight is probably within normal ranges. If the dog has a gaunt or hollow appearance, jutting hips or ribs, a dull coat and listless appearance, then there may be weight-related health issues. Some dogs are naturally very thin and emaciated in appearance, such as the Whippet or Greyhound. This is why it is important to not only look at the appearance of the animal, but also at the average healthy weight for the breed as well.
Check the dog physically. Because heavy coats or long hair can hide signs of emaciation, it is important to full your visual exam with a brief, but thorough, physical exam. Gently feel the dog's ribs and hip bones. In most breeds, there will be a layer of flesh or fat covering these areas. If you can feel the ribs and hips prominently, your dog may be underweight.