Mast cell tumors (MST) occur in the skin, intestines, respiratory tract and other tissues. These cells contain histamine and other enzymes, allowing mast cells to work together with the immune system against infections and parasites. Mast cell tumors account for nearly 20 percent of skin tumors found in dogs.
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Causes
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Unfortunately, mast cell tumors are idiopathic---the cause is unknown. But it is possible that they may be due to genetics or environmental factors.
Symptoms
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Mast cells can vary greatly in their appearance. They can appear to be bumpy or smooth and they may ulcerate. There may be one or several of these tumors present. The dog may also experience ulcers, blood in the stool, vomiting, lack of appetite and abdominal pain.
Diagnosis
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Due to the large number of potential variations, a biopsy will be necessary to identify a mast cell tumor. There will also be a physical exam, blood tests, urinalysis and X-rays or an ultrasound.
Treatment
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Treatment will vary based on the location and the severity of the canine mast cell tumor. Treatment options include, but are not limited to: surgical removal, radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
Prognosis
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The prognosis for a dog suffering from a mast cell tumor can vary greatly, but the general rule of thumb is that the lower the grade of tumor, the better the prognosis. For example, 90 to 95 percent of dogs with tumors deemed Grade 1 or 2 will not have a recurrence of the tumor within three years.
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