Kidney stones in dogs develop when crystals in the urinary system are prevented from passing through at their normal rate. They occur more often in females, middle-aged dogs and breeds such as bichon frise and cocker spaniel, according to Dr. Bari Spielman.
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Kidney stones can affect dogs at any age.
Causes
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Causes of kidney stones in dogs include genetic defects, supplements, dietary factors, certain medications and underlying illnesses. Concentrated urine or urine retention due to urinary tract or kidney infections can lead to kidney stones.
Symptoms
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Clinical signs include abdominal pain, bloody urine and vomiting. Frequent or painful urination occurs in dogs with lower urinary tract infections. Symptoms depend on several factors, including size, location and number of stones.
Diagnosis
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Diagnostic tests include a complete blood count, bacterial urine culture, x-rays, abdominal ultrasound and urinalysis to rule out other possible conditions such as pancreatitis, Cushing's disease and spinal infections.
Treatment
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Inactive stones usually do not require therapy but should be monitored periodically. Mild stones can be dissolved through diet or medication. Severe infections or cases involving kidney failure require fluid therapy and surgical stone removal.
Prevention
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Treating urinary tract infections with antibiotics might prevent stone formation. Reducing the risk of recurring stones involves treating and managing underlying illnesses and conditions.
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