Melanoma, also known as skin cancer, occurs when the skin cells in the body begin to mutate and form abnormal growths which may be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
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Location
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Unfortunately, melanoma can occur anywhere on the dog's body including within the oral cavity, on the eyes, between the toes and any portion of the skin including the ears or the tail.
Causes
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In dogs, melanoma can be caused by genetics or repeated trauma to the affected area such as repeated licking or scratching. In some dogs, melanoma may be idiopathic, meaning the cause is unknown.
Identification
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Melanoma causes a change in the skin, such as darkened pigmentation. Oral melanoma can cause facial swelling, oral bleeding, drooling, halitosis (bad breath), and cause difficulty when eating.
Diagnosis
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Melanoma may be noticed by either owner or veterinarian. Once discovered, several tests including blood tests, x-rays, a biopsy or an ultrasound may be performed to confirm diagnosis and determine the level of severity.
Treatment
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Treatment can vary based on the severity of the cancer as well as if metastasis (spreading of the cancer to other portions of the body) has occurred. Common treatment options include surgical removal of growths, chemotherapy and radiation treatment.
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