Making sure your dog's teeth and gums are healthy can protect him from serious medical conditions. Oral disease affects 80 percent of dogs by age 3, according to the American Veterinary Dental Society (see Reference 1). Periodontal disease, which attacks gum tissue, can lead to life-threatening infections in the heart, kidneys and liver when bacteria enter the bloodstream. Keeping your dog's teeth free from plaque and tartar can help prevent oral disease.
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Veterinary Care
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Take your dog to the veterinarian's office for regular dental checkups and cleanings. The American Animal Hospital Association, or AAHA, recommends an annual exam and cleaning for adult dogs starting at age 1 for small breeds and 2 for larger breeds (see Reference 1). Your veterinarian can advise you on how often to bring your dog in. If your dog shows signs of periodontal disease, she'll need more frequent cleanings.
Cleanings require the administration of general anesthesia. Your veterinarian will first check your dog for any health conditions that might make anesthesia dangerous, such as heart or kidney problems. Discuss any concerns with your veterinarian before your dog's cleaning. The AAHA states that anesthesia is generally safe for dogs at any age. Dental procedures usually carry a minimal risk of complications from anesthesia, according to Dr. William Rosenblad (see Reference 2).
Your veterinarian will remove tartar and plaque buildup and closely monitor your dog's vital signs during the cleaning. A fluoride treatment or other anti-plaque substance can be applied to help strengthen the teeth. A standard cleaning usually takes between 20 and 40 minutes. (see Reference 2). Follow-up care includes establishing a regular dental routine at home.
Home Care
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Daily brushing with a toothpaste made for dogs helps remove plaque. Using baking soda or toothpastes made for humans can cause an upset stomach. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush or one designed for dogs. Beginning dental care when your dog is a puppy will help him get used to being handled this way. Put your finger in chicken broth or put a little canine toothpaste on your finger and gently run it along your dog's gums. Let him get used to having his gums rubbed before introducing the toothbrush. Once he's ready, hold the brush at a 45-degree angle to your dog's teeth and use an oval motion to clean the surfaces. Start in the back and work your way toward the front. Pay careful attention to the gum line and clear away all food particles and as much plaque as possible. Spend one or two minutes total brushing your dog's teeth (see Resource 1).
Feeding your dog dry kibble can also reduce plaque, according to the AAHA (see Resource 1). If you feed your dog canned food, give her a hard dog biscuit after she eats to help get rid of food particles. Dental toys, such as ropes, and chews can remove plaque as well (see Reference 3).
Examine your dog's mouth regularly and call your veterinarian if you see signs of gum disease, including swollen or bleeding gums, loose or brownish teeth, persistent bad breath, unusual growths and pus between teeth and gums. Watch for behavioral signs as well, such as having difficulty eating, refusing chew toys and avoiding drinking cold water (see Resource 1).
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