Like humans, dogs can develop urinary stones under certain conditions. Calcium oxalate stones form primarily in male dogs, with higher instances in smaller breeds such as Shih Tzus and Lhasa Apsos.
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Cause
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Calcium oxalate stones develop due to high levels of calcium in the urine caused by either diet, disease or ingesting large amounts of drugs containing cortisone.
Symptoms
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Although animals generally do not show symptoms of a problem, common signs include trouble urinating and (possibly) an enlarged belly due to inflammation. Depending on the size of the stone, a vet may be able to feel them through the dog's abdomen.
Diagnosis
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The most common procedures done to diagnose calcium oxalate stones are urine and blood tests to check levels of calcium concentration; X-rays or ultrasounds may be taken to look for stones in the urinary tract.
Treatments
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Treatment depends upon the size of the stone; smaller stones may pass on their own, or be flushed out with the assistance of a catheter and fluids. Larger stones may require surgery or even the use of shock waves to pulverize them, allowing for easier passage.
Prevention/Solution
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To prevent the recurrence of calcium oxalate stones, your dog may require a specific dietary change in order to keep calcium levels from rising. Potassium citrate pills may also be administered, as they encourage the calcium to bond with the citrate instead of the oxalate.
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