Old dog vestibular syndrome refers to problems with the system of nerves in the inner and middle ear that regulate balance in dogs. Onset is sudden. A previously healthy dog might fall over, stumble, walk in circles or be unable to get up. Although most common in senior dogs, the disorder can occur when they are middle-aged.
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Definition
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Old dog syndrome is a form of peripheral vestibular syndrome. It is also called idiopathic vestibular syndrome. Idiopathic refers to any condition that arises spontaneously, with no known cause.
Symptoms
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In addition to loss of balance and difficulty walking, symptoms include head tilt, rapid shifting of the eyes from side to side and loss of appetite due to nausea and distress. Pet owners often fear their animal has been poisoned or is having a stroke.
Types
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Peripheral vestibular syndrome involves the nerves outside the brain. Central vestibular syndrome is caused by a brain lesion. Ear infections can also cause vestibular disorder.
Diagnosis/Testing
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Because its cause is unknown, old dog vestibular syndrome is diagnosed largely by ruling out other vestibular disorders. Tests include blood work, eye and ear examination and, less often, X-ray, CT scan or MRI.
Treatment
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Treatment may include nausea medication, intravenous fluids for dehydration and, when ear infection cannot be ruled out, antibiotics. Hospitalization is uncommon.
Recovery
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Most dogs recover fully within three weeks, sometimes improving markedly within a few days. Some animals retain a head tilt.
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