Canine urolithiasis is the name of a disease that is characterized by crystals, or stones, in a dog's urine. Other names include bladder or kidney stones, cystitis, urinary calculi or urethritis. If urolithiasis is suspected, veterinary attention should be sought immediately.
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Effects
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Urolithiasis occurs when crystal stones are present in a dog's urinary system and line the urinary tract. The stones can cause pain while urinating, straining to urinate and the inability to urinate.
Causes
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Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. suggests that while both female and male dogs are equally as susceptible, smaller breeds tend to be more likely to have urolithiasis. Dogs that stay inside and are inactive are also prone to having urolithiasis.
Signs/Symptoms
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Race Foster, DVM, states that dogs with bladder stones can show the following symptoms: increased frequency, small quantities of urine and visible crystal in the urine. Occasionally there are no signs and the issue is found with treatment for other issues.
Prevention/Solution
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To avoid bladder stones, dogs should always have adequate access to water and be allowed to urinate frequently. Large amounts of magnesium and calcium should be avoided.
Diagnosis
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Tests for urolithiasis include palpation, urinalysis, urine cultures and x-rays.
Treatment
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If blockage has occurred, a veterinarian will have to release the blockage. Generally, special diets with carefully managed mineral content will resolve issues with urinary stones.
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