Thyroid disease can refer to a variety of conditions that affect the thyroid. These conditions can be due to the thyroid itself or can be the result of another condition which in turn affects the thyroid. Thyroid disease can occur in any dog no matter what sex, breed or age they are. Fortunately, most cases of thyroid disease are relatively easy to treat.
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Symptoms of a Thyroid Issue
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The most common symptom of a thyroid issue in a dog is weight gain or obesity, particularly without an increase in food intake. Dogs who are affected by a thyroid disease may become lethargic and depressed. In addition to these symptoms, many dogs also suffer from dry skin, excessive shedding or even total hair loss. In some cases, dogs may show signs of a fever.
Hypothyroidism in Adult Dogs
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Hypothyroidism is the most common condition involving the thyroid in dogs. It is estimated that ninety-five percent of all hypothyroidism cases occur because the immune system in the dog begins to attack and destroy the thyroid gland, usually for an unknown reason. When this happens, the thyroid gland no longer produces adequate amounts of hormones that your dog's body needs. Hypothyroidism usually develops in dogs who are aged four to 10 years and most often affects medium to large breeds of dogs.
Hypothyroidism in Puppies
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Most dogs will develop hypothyroidism later in life; however, some dogs may develop congenital hypothyroidism. Congenital hypothyroidism will surface before the dog reaches one year of age but is relatively rare. In puppies, hypothyroidism prevents proper growth. Some puppies may suffer from shorter-than-normal legs and have unusual bone development, particularly of the skull. Many puppies will also suffer from learning disabilities. Unfortunately, puppies who have hypothyroidism usually do not live to the age of one.
Treatment
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Treating hypothyroidism is relatively simple. Dogs are given hormone replacements which can vary in dosage depending on the dog's severity of hypothyroidism as well as veterinarian recommendations. Regular check-ups and blood tests will be needed throughout the rest of the dog's life in order to ensure that the hormone replacements are coinciding with the dog's needs.
Hyperthyroidism
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Fortunately, hyperthyroidism is extremely rare in dogs. Most cases of hyperthyroidism are a result of an enlarged thyroid gland, usually due to cancer. The most common signs of hyperthyroidism in dogs include a high heart rate, increased appetite and water consumption as well as an increased level of urination and defecation. Dogs may also show an increase in activity and mild to severe weight loss.
Hyperthyroidism is treated with a medication which slows the production of the thyroid hormones. Some owners may opt to have the thyroid removed; however, medication will still be necessary to supplement optimal amounts of hormones necessary to the body.
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