Pancreatitis and enteritis are very common -- but very scary -- illnesses that dogs can get. They both have similar treatments and symptoms and can make your dog severely sick and uncomfortable. A majority of these cases are curable, though, and with quick treatment, your pet has a good chance of recovering.
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The Facts
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Acute pancreatitis occurs when there is an inflammation of the pancreas. This can cause an activation of pancreatic enzymes, which often results in the pancreas digesting itself. The severity of this illness can range from mild to life-threatening, depending upon the body's reaction to the inflammation.
Enteritis is an inflammation or infection of the small intestine caused by a virus. It is contagious, and puppies, older dogs and those weakened by illness are the most susceptible.
Causes
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Acute pancreatitis can be caused by many factors, including certain medications, infections, metabolic disorders, obesity, trauma and shock. Additionally, dogs with high-fat diets or those who have recently gotten into the trash or been fed greasy "people food," are also at risk to develop pancreatitis. This illness seems to affect middle aged-dogs the most, and Yorkshire terriers and schnauzers are breeds that seem to be highly susceptible. Furthermore, once your dog has had pancreatitis, she has a higher chance of developing it again.
Enteritis is usually caused by viruses, such as parvovirus, coronavirus, astrovirus, enterovirus and reovirus. Dogs can contract these illnesses from other dogs by eating infected feces, saliva or vomit. The viruses can also be transmitted on clothing, shoes and feeding utensils.
Signs and Symptoms
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Pancreatitis and enteritis share most of the main symptoms, which are not eating, vomiting, diarrhea, fever and depression. With pancreatitis, you may also see lethargy, severe abdominal pain, weakness and a distended stomach. Furthermore, pets suffering from enteritis may also have blood in their stool.
Diagnosis
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If you suspect your dog has either pancreatitis or enteritis, take him to the veterinarian immediately. If you wait too long, both illnesses can get worse and lead to long-term complications. Your veterinarian will have to perform a few diagnostic tests before she can determine what your pet has. Most likely, to rule out pancreatitis, the doctor will take a blood sample. Dogs with pancreatitis usually have increased blood levels of the pancreas enzymes lypase and amylase. Additionally, the white blood cell count is usually elevated with pancreatitis. Your vet may also perform a serum cPLI test. Radiographs and ultrasounds can also be helpful.
Parvovirus enteritis can be diagnosed through a fecal test your vet can probably do in-house. She may also order blood work to correctly diagnose enteritis.
Treatment
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Pancreatitis and enteritis are treated in very similar ways. While the course of treatment depends on the severity of the pancreatitis, most of the time doctors will withhold food and water from your pet for at least 24 hours to give the pancreas a rest. They will also administer fluids, either intravenously or subcutaneously, so your pet does not become dehydrated. The vet may prescribe antibiotics, to prevent infection, and pain medication. Surgery may be necessary in severe cases and those complicated by pancreatic abscess or cysts and peritonitis. In addition, dogs with enteritis may be given medication to stop the vomiting and diarrhea.
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