Located in the abdomen, the spleen is a long, red organ beneath the stomach. It has several blood-related functions, such as filtering out particles from the blood system. The spleen also takes part in the immune system by filtering out bacteria within the blood. Fortunately, having the spleen removed is not a death sentence for your dog.
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Diseases of the Spleen
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There are two common diseases that may require surgery or removal of the spleen. One occurs when cancerous tumors are found within the spleen. The tumors can be benign or malignant; however, the most common form of tumor found is a malignant tumor referred to as hemangiosarcoma. When hemangiosarcoma is present, the spleen can grow quite large and become inflamed. In some cases, the spleen may rupture, causing shock and internal bleeding. Unfortunately, this form of cancer can also spread to other parts of the body, as far away as the brain.
Splenic torsion is another disease that commonly occurs. In the case of splenic torsion, the spleen becomes twisted and the veins can become blocked. This causes many issues, and the spleen will eventually become enlarged due to excess blood. In some cases, blood clots may form that block off the veins, and eventually the spleen dies within the body. When the spleen dies, it is called necrosis. It can make your dog very ill.
Common Symptoms of Spleen Diseases
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There are many common symptoms associated with issues of the spleen. You may notice your dog has lost her appetite or you may feel a hard lump in her abdomen. She may also exhibit pale gums and weakness. If she is suffering from splenic torsion, you may also notice a red-brown color to her urine.
Splenic Torsion Surgery
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When splenic torsion occurs, surgery is considered an ideal option. For most patients undergoing surgery for splenic torsion, the outlook is relatively good. Even though the spleen is being removed, your dog can continue to live a long, healthy life.
Unfortunately, surgery for splenic torsion is not without its risks or complications. In some pets, a condition called DIC may occur. DIC stands for disseminated intravascular coagulation, which means that unusual blood clotting has occurred. This usually goes undetected until it is too late and the dog has passed away.
Splenectomy for Tumors
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In most cases, the entire spleen will be removed if tumors are present. Tumors can vary in size, and some tumors can cause the spleen to rupture. When the malignant form of cancer is present, it is not unusual for the cancer to spread to other parts of the body. Unfortunately, there are always possible complications. Infection, arrhythmia of the heart, internal bleeding or even instant death can occur.
Aftercare
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Following through with your veterinarian's recommendations for aftercare is important. For the first few days following surgery, your dog may need to remain at the hospital until it is determined he is well enough to return home.
When your dog returns home, do not be alarmed if he is not eating right away or does not have any bowel movements for a few days. This is fairly normal because your dog has undergone a stressful situation. Consult your veterinarian if your dog does not eat or have any bowel movements for approximately five days following surgery.
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