Considered the most severe form of pancreatitis, necrotizing pancreatitis causes parts of the dog's pancreas to die by essentially digesting itself with the digestive enzymes the pancreas produces. It is also called hemorrhagic pancreatitis, as the inflamed parts of the pancreas burst and hemmorahge enzymes into the abdominal cavity. There is no specific trigger for necrotizing pancreatitis, but there are many possible contributing factors. Dogs with this condition will need hospitalization for fluids and possibly surgery.
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Causes
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The exact cause of necrotizing pancreatitis is unknown though there are many factors that seem to heighten the probability of dogs getting this disease. Among these factors are poor nutrition or fatty diet, drugs, toxins, parasites and mycoplasmal infections. Trauma is also considered a contributing factor, especially if there has been abnormal blood flow as a result of surgery, shock or ischemia from impaired cardiovascular function.
Symptoms
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Dogs suffering from this disease will look severely ill and display obvious pain and discomfort. If the dog is constantly hunched over, vomits and has yellow, greasy stools, these may be signs that it has necrotizing pancreatitis. Additionally, she may also be vomiting, yet lacks appetite, and possibly has a fever. If left untreated, she will start having difficulty breathing, arrhythmia and possibly sepsis. Dogs displaying the initial symptoms of necrotizing pacreatitis should be brought to the vet.
Pathology
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When dogs have necrotizing pancreatitis, the inflamed parts of the pancreas will burst during an acute or chronic pancreatitis episode. This causes the digestive enzymes to spill into the abdominal cavity, not only damaging the pancreas but possibly the liver, bile ducts, gall bladder and intestines as well.
Treatment
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The dog will require hospitalization for intravenous fluids, and injectable antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medication, anti-vomiting and anti-diarrhea medication. Surgery may be required. Depending on the severity of the necrotizing pancreatitis, he may also have to be given plasma to fight disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)---a severe form of shock. Additionally, his electrolytes and acid/base balance will need continuous monitoring to ensure it is getting the right fluids. Recovery rates for this condition are low if not caught early and treated quickly.
Prevention
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Necrotizing pancreatitis must be carefully monitored as it is a life-threatening condition that can lead to acute renal failure, pleural effusion and death. Owners can lessen the chances of their dogs getting necrotizing pancreatitis by decreasing the possibility of pancreatitis in general. This can be done by ensuring the dog gets proper nutrition and that her diet is low-fat. She should not be fed table scraps and treats should be given sparingly. Adding fiber to the dog's diet can also help.
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