Evan's disease causes a dog's antibodies to attack their own red blood cells and platelets. The condition can cause acute anemia. It is known to sometimes go into spontaneous remission, followed by a relapse. This disease knows no boundaries, and is just as likely to occur in humans as in animals.
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Affected Breeds
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Any breed of dog can be infected with Evan's disease, but some breeds are more likely to contract it. These breeds include Cocker Spaniels, Scottish Terriers and Poodles. It can also affect mixed-breed dogs and mutts. Evan's disease seems to affect more female dogs than males, and there seems to be a predisposition towards dogs under the age of six.
Symptoms of Evan's Disease
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Dogs affected with Evan's disease will be lethargic and will sleep excessively. Symptoms can also include anorexia, jaundiced (yellow) skin, vomiting. Excessive panting and respiratory problems may also occur. These symptoms are caused by the dog's immune system attacking his own red blood cells, which reduces the amount of oxygen and iron being carried throughout his body.
Diagnostic Tests
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No one test exists to determine the onset of Evan's disease. It is primarily diagnosed as a disease of exclusion; that is, following multiple tests being done to rule out other causes of anemia, Evan's disease will be suspected.
Causes
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The cause of Evan's disease is currently unknown. There is speculation that it is genetic, but no one knows for sure. Evan's disease sometimes seems to be triggered by outside influences such as parasites, but that is not always the case. It occasionally occurs in connection with vaccinations, bee stings, exposure to natural toxins such as onions, or various cancers.
Treatment
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Evan's disease is most commonly treated using prednisone, a type of corticosteroid. Other treatments include acupuncture, diet adjustment and a variety of herbal remedies. Dogs with severe anemia will sometimes need a blood transfusion. Blood transfusions are temporary solutions designed to stabilize the dog while other solutions can be researched.
Prognosis
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No cure exists for Evan's disease. Some dogs do fine with treatment, while others continue to fail. There is no way to determine which dogs will thrive with which treatment. Expect to return to the vet on a regular basis for blood tests to determine if the anemia is reoccurring.
Even if the Evan's disease is held under control, the dog's immune system will be compromised. It is important to keep a watchful eye on the dog to catch any other problems that may develop because of a weak immune system.
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