The Maltese is a small dog breed characterized by its long, silky white hair. The Maltese, which usually weighs between 3 to 7 pounds, is bred to be a loving, cheerful and gentle companion dog. However, this unique and intelligent breed requires some special care.
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Coat Maintenance
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The distinguishing characteristic of the Maltese is its coat, which must be brushed daily. The Maltese owner should also bath and dry-shampoo the dog regularly, according to greatdogsite.com.
Some Maltese owners tie the hair on the top of the dog's head into a topknot. It is also common for some owners to cut the Maltese's hair short to "keep it from getting too long and dirty," according to greatdogsite.com.
The owner should also trim excess hair growth in and around the ears, as in-grown hairs can sometimes lead to infection.
Health
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The Maltese is a healthy breed with fewer inherent problems than other kinds of dogs. However, it is susceptible to heart ailments, which often occur after the dog is 10 years old. These heart problems are often treatable with medication.
The Maltese can also suffer from a condition called White Shaker Syndrome, a disease found almost exclusively in the Maltese breed. White Shaker Syndrome usually produces tremors over the entire body and can be more pronounced if the dog is excited. A veterinarian can prescribe medications, such as corticosteroids or benzodiazepines, to treat this syndrome.
The Maltese can get chills and should avoid damp environments. They can also experience discomfort in hot weather and can become sunburned along the parting of the hair.
Finally, the Maltese can suffer from dental problems. The dog owner should use a "finger toothbrush" made of a soft material that gently cleans the dog's teeth. Biscuits and toys that promote dental health are beneficial for the Maltese. A veterinarian should also regularly examine the dog's teeth.
Feeding
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An adult Maltese will generally eat 1/2 ounce of dry dog food per pound of body weight, although an active dog will eat slightly more. The dog should normally eat one meal a day. The owner should not give table scraps to the Maltese, as this dog can suffer from upset stomach and indigestion problems, and becoming accustomed to eating scraps can also turn the dog into a picky eater.
Exercise
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The Maltese requires a daily walk, although play will fulfill much of its exercise needs. A Maltese that does not get a daily walk is "more likely to display behavior problems," according to dogbreedinfo. This dog also enjoys a "good romp in a safe open area off-leash, such as in a large fenced-in yard," according to dogbreedinfo.com.
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