Back injuries can be extremely painful for dogs, and the dog's inability to say how much (and precisely where) it hurts is especially difficult. Dogs can communicate in other ways, however. He may show physical signs of suffering that can help you know if a visit to the vet is warranted.
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Types of Injuries
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Back pain is more prevalent in small breeds than large breeds. Dachshunds, basset hounds and corgis have disproportionately long spines and are more susceptible to spinal problems. Overweight dogs are also prone to back pain due to the added stress on the spine.
Disc injuries, such as degenerative disc disease and slipped discs, are as painful to a dog as they are to a human. The disc can pinch nerve roots in the spinal cord, causing pain.
Internal organ damage, particularly in the abdomen, can manifest as back pain. Other sources of pain include muscle disease, nerve damage, spinal trauma such as fractures and sprains, and cancer of the vertebra or soft tissues around the spine.
Injury to the membranes that cover the brain and spine can cause inflammation, resulting in stiffness and pain along the neck and back.
Symptoms
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A dog shows evidence of pain when he yelps while handled, displays lethargy, shivers, whimpers, refuses to eat, is unable to urinate, appears unnaturally clumsy, is reluctant to climb steps, and loses the ability to move his hind legs.
Watch for changes in the dog's posture, such as an arched back, stiff neck, guarded stance or difficulty in raising or turning his head. Keep an eye out for puncture wounds or lacerations in the soft tissue around the spine that could have been caused by an accident or a dog fight.
Diagnosis
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A veterinarian may use blood tests to identify signs of infection and to assess organ function as a possible cause of back pain. He may take x-rays of the abdomen and spine. If he suspects a spinal problem, he may perform a spinal tap, as well as a CT scan or muscle biopsy.
Treatment
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A vet can choose from a variety of treatments to relieve your dog's discomfort. Such treatments include cortisone injections, anti-inflammatory medications, pain relievers, muscle relaxants and rest. Your dog may require surgery if the cause of pain is spinal trauma, paralysis from disc disease, or cancer around the spinal cord. For those who prefer a natural approach to pain relief, acupuncture, massage and chiropractic care are other options to consider.
Cautions for Owners
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A dog suffering from back pain shouldn't be allowed to jump up on or down from the bed, car or chair. Keep her stable and limit her physical activity. When walking the dog for exercise, use a chest harness instead of a leash attached to his collar. Avoid jerking motions than could cause pain or re-injury.
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