Diabetes insipidus (water diabetes) should not be confused with diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes). These are different conditions with different causes and different treatments. The cause of diabetes insipidus is often unknown (idiopathic), therefore not much can be done to prevent it. However, it is good to be aware of the symptoms.
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Types
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There are two type of diabetes insipidus: central diabetes insipidus (CDI) and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). CDI occurs when the dog's pituitary gland in the brain does not produce enough anti-diuretic hormones (ADH), while NDI occurs when the anti-diuretic hormones are produced normally but the kidneys are unable to properly respond to their action.
Symptoms
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Because of the lack of anti-diuretic hormones, dogs affected by diabetes insipidus will have very diluted urine, excessive urination and an almost insatiable thirst.
Causes
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Although in most cases the cause of diabetes insipidus is unknown, because the ADH hormone is produced in the brain, a brain injury or a brain tumor may be a potential culprit. In the case of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the cause is genetic.
Treatment
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Treatment of dogs affected by diabetes insipidus consists of the administration of a synthetic form of the ADH hormone known as desmopressin acetate, often abbreviated as DDAVP. Other forms of treatment include a reduction of salt in the dog's diet and the administration of chlorpropamide and thiazide diuretics.
Management
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If owners are able to ensure that water is available at all times and if they are able to cope with the excess water intake and the necessity to urinate frequently and abundantly, medical treatment may be optional. However, it is best to consult with a veterinarian.
Prognosis
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As long as water is always available and the condition is well managed, dogs with diabetes insipidus have a good prognosis. Follow up care and routine exams are recommended. An owner must learn to recognize the signs of dehydration and consult a veterinarian immediately when necessary.
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