The spaying of a female dog can be performed by two different procedures, a ovariohysterectomy or a tubal ligation. A tubal ligation is performed in the same manner as that of humans, by cutting and tyeing off the oviducts. An ovariohysterectormy is the complete removal of the female reproductive tract, eliminating the twice yearly heat cycles of the female. Both of these methods prevent pregnancy.
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Hormones
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Spaying by OHE removes the source of hormone production, such as estrogen and progesterone, those responsible for controlling heat cycles and pregnancy. A tubal ligation does not affect hormones production.
Pros of OHE
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A ovariohysterectomy eliminated all female hormone production, also eliminating the risk for future reproduction health complications.
Cons of OHE
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The only side effects related to an OHE are those associated with surgery and anesthesia in general.
Pros of Tubal Ligation
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Tubal ligation is chosen by a pet owner so that her pet can still experience heat cycles, without the loss of hormone production. This procedure is not recommended by the veterinary medicine community due to the future complications.
Cons of Tubal Ligation
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Tubal ligation is generally not recommended due to the possibility of future reproductive health complications such as Estus, uterine infections, false pregnancy and mammary cancer. A tubal ligation does not decrease the risk of these conditions like an OHE does.
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