Fortunately, kidney cancer is not too common in dogs. However, it is always a good idea to rule out this remote possibility. Should your dog develop symptoms suggesting kidney issues, report to your veterinarian. It may turn out to be something minor, but it is always best to follow the ''better safe than sorry'' protocol.
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Function
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The kidneys are responsible for removing your dog's waste products and transporting them in urine. When the kidneys are not functioning properly they will stop processing waste products, and these products will be dispersed in the dog's body. This often translates into serious complications and a condition known as ''uremic poisoning."
Types
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There are two types of kidney cancer that may develop in dogs: primary and secondary. A primary cancer is one that directly originates in the kidneys, while a secondary kidney cancer originates somewhere else but metastasizes (spreads) to the kidneys. A specific type of kidney cancer known as renal cystadenocarcinoma is seen in German shepherds.
Signs
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Dogs affected by kidney cancer may develop the following symptoms: weight loss, loss of appetite, lethargy, increased drinking, increased urination, blood in urine, anemia and an extended abdomen. In the cases of cystadenocarcinomas, dogs develop skin nodules over the head, neck and legs.
Diagnosis
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Dogs that develop symptoms as described above often undergo the following diagnostic tests once the veterinarian assesses the dog: blood work, urinalysis, abdominal ultrasound, chest X-rays and exploratory surgery.
Treatment
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Dogs diagnosed with kidney cancer may have the affected kidney removed if the cancer is isolated to only one kidney. Dogs may also benefit from supportive care with fluid therapy and blood transfusions. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be recommended.
Prognosis
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Prognosis depends on the location of the tumor and the typology. Dogs whose tumors are limited to only one kidney and have not metastasized to other organs generally have a better prognosis.
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