Hypothyroidism is a condition caused by thyroid gland problems. The thyroid gland produces endocrine hormones critical for body development and healthy metabolism. When your dog does not get enough of these hormones, it may become fat and lethargic, and can develop skin problems. The dog's metabolism will not function well, and the whole body is affected. A dog suffering from hypothyroidism needs proper diagnosis and treatment to avoid serious health issues. Hypothyroidism is easily treatable in the dog.
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Diagnosis
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If your dog gains weight, tires easily, has poor coat texture and gets frequent skin infections, the veterinarian may suggest a thyroid test. This is a simple procedure. The vet draws a blood sample and tests it for thyroid levels in the blood. It usually takes one to four days to get the results from the lab. The laboratory sample is compared against typical thyroid levels for your dog's breed. The dog is hypothyroid if the tests show low thyroid hormone levels.
Treatment
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Your hypothyroid dog is treated with a thyroid hormone replacement. The veterinarian will prescribe thyroxin medication. Thyroxin is usually given in tablet form. It is available in several sizes and under various trade or generic drug names. The tablet or pill is given twice daily, about 12 hours apart, to maintain a healthy medication level.
Results
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When your dog begins treatment, you will notice changes in behavior and overall health. The dog will be more alert within a day or two. Its energy level will increase within the first week of treatment. The medication changes the dog's metabolism so that food is not immediately converted to body fat. The dog will gradually lose weight and gain muscle. Within one to three months, the hair and skin will improve.
Maintenance
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The veterinarian will usually give the dog another blood test about 30 days after starting treatment. Each dog adjusts to the medication in its own way. Your dog needs blood tests every 30 to 45 days until the right level is reached. Follow-up tests determine when the dog has reached the needed dosage. When a thyroid gland atrophies or quits working, it will not grow back. The dog will need medication the rest of its life or its problems will return.
Demographics
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Adult dogs are affected by thyroid problems more often than young dogs. Some breeds are genetically inclined to hypothyroidism. Hunting dogs, such as retrievers, Shelties and Greyhounds are especially at risk. Michigan State University has conducted DNA testing and other research to determine inherited traits for canine hypothyroidism. Their research helps in detecting and treating hypothyroid animals.
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