Arthritis (degenerative joint disease) occurs most often in older dogs and may become worse if the dog is overweight. As the number-one cause of lameness in dogs, arthritis can restrict the dog's movement and result in pain, especially upon waking. An inherited predisposition to joint disorders, an illness or trauma to a leg joint may result in arthritis.
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Ruptured Ligaments
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Frequently a result of a strong impact or severe twisting of the leg, ruptured ligaments may contribute to the development of arthritis in the affected joint. Even with surgical repair of the damaged ligaments, the joint may become arthritic.
Dysplasia
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A dysplastic hip or elbow joint results when the ball and the socket portions of the joint no longer fit snugly, contributing to arthritic joints. This is an inherited disorder, more common in large and giant breeds, including Saint Bernards, German Shepherds and Newfoundlands. According to the "Dog Owner's Home Veterinary Handbook," feeding a dog a high-calorie diet during its puppy growth period can exacerbate dysplasia.
Slipping Kneecap
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Known as a "luxating patella," the small kneecap on a dog's rear leg may slip to the inside or to the outside when the leg is bent. Giant breeds may develop this condition as puppies, although it may not cause pain until the dogs are older. Eventually, arthritis usually develops in the joint.
Diseases
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In addition to the accidents and inherited joint conditions that can result in arthritis in a dog's legs, some diseases may prompt the degenerative joint disorder. Erosive arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis, results in damaged joints and cartilage, causing joint pain and lameness. Tick-borne viruses like Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Lyme disease may cause arthritis, as well.
Treatment
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Treatment for arthritis in a dog's legs may include anti-inflammatory medication, drugs to relieve pain, and surgical procedures to replace deteriorated joints. Your veterinarian may recommend allowing your dog to sleep in a warm room and providing a cushioned bed. Elevating food and water bowls may reduce the strain on arthritic legs from bending the head and neck downwards. Light exercise may be beneficial, and helping your dog lose weight may relieve some of the pressure on its arthritic joints.
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