As dogs become older, they develop body and mind changes affecting their lives. A dog is physically considered a senior when it is about two-thirds through a typical lifespan. This may be 8 or 9 years old for a large breed or 12 years for a smaller breed. A senior dog has reached maturity and is more vulnerable to injuries, illness and disease. Many senior dog health problems are eased through proper care.
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Weight
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Many older dogs gain weight as they become less active. Their bodies do not burn calories as quickly. An overweight dog is more prone to heart and lung disease. The extra weight is a burden to the joints and the feet. An older dog usually needs food that is lower in calories and easy to digest. Sometimes the dog maintains healthy weight better when fed two or three small meals during the day instead of one main evening meal.
Mobility
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Arthritis and other joint problems are common health issues in older dogs. As the joints become inflamed and sore, the dog has difficulty getting up. Steps and slick floors can be hazards. Spinal disease can make hind legs weak or walking difficult. Supplements such as chondroitin and glucosamine may reduce inflammation and preserve joint health.
Vision
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An older dog is vulnerable to eye problems. Natural aging may cause cloudy vision. The dog can see, but it is like looking through a dirty or smeared window. Dogs can be blinded by glaucoma or cataracts. Protecting dog eyes from bright sunlight and wind helps maintain eye health. Watch for obstacles in the house and yard that may injure the dog's eyes. The dog may no longer see objects at eye level.
Hearing
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A dog may grow deaf as it ages. The dog hears familiar voices but may not hear approaching cars or footsteps. Ear infections, mites and wax buildup affect hearing. Protect the dog from loud sounds since older ears do not recover as quickly from noise. Peripheral or geriatric vestibular syndrome can occur due to certain inner ear problems. The dog becomes disoriented and loses its balance. Almost all dogs recover with proper care.
Dental
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Dental disease is common in older dogs. The senior dog has worn teeth that cannot easily chew kibble or treats. Hard food may be painful to eat. If the dog is not eating and is losing weight, adding water or broth to the food may soften it for easy chewing. Mature teeth may have tartar and plaque buildup from years of soft food. Inflamed gums allow infections to enter the bloodstream and affect the liver, kidneys and heart. Brush the dog's teeth regularly and follow vet suggestions for dental health.
Considerations
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A veterinarian is aware of geriatric issues and may recommend tests for thyroid, kidney and other diseases common to older dogs. Many dog owners are alert to dog behavior and physical changes that need attention or accommodation. A senior dog can live many years. A veterinarian and a caring owner are essential in maintaining quality of life for the older dog.
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