1. Tissue Damage: A dog's teeth are sharp and can cause significant damage to the skin, muscles, and soft tissues in the bitten area. This damage leads to tissue inflammation and fluid accumulation, which contributes to swelling.
2. Blood Vessel Injury: Dog bites can rupture small blood vessels near the bite site, resulting in bleeding and the formation of blood clots. The body's inflammatory response to this injury further increases blood flow to the area, leading to increased swelling.
3. Infection: Dog bites can introduce bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms into the wound, causing an infection. This infection further triggers an inflammatory response, leading to increased swelling and tissue damage.
4. Lymphatic System: Dog bites can disrupt the lymphatic system, which is responsible for draining fluid from tissues. Impaired lymphatic drainage can cause fluid to accumulate in the bitten area, resulting in swelling.
5. Allergic Reaction: Some individuals may have an allergic reaction to dog saliva or other substances present in the bite. This allergic response can cause significant swelling, itching, and inflammation.
The extent of swelling after a dog bite can vary depending on several factors, including the severity of the bite, the location, the individual's immune response, and the presence of infection.
It's essential to seek medical attention promptly after a dog bite to assess the injury, clean the wound properly, prevent infection, and manage swelling. The healthcare provider may recommend treatments such as pain relievers, antibiotics, wound dressings, and elevation to reduce swelling and promote healing.