Idiopathic: This means the exact cause is unknown and is commonly seen in older, large breed dogs.
Neuromuscular disorders: These can affect the nerves and muscles that control the larynx, leading to paralysis. Examples include myasthenia gravis and polymyositis.
Trauma: Injuries to the neck or head area, such as blunt force trauma or penetrating injuries, can damage the nerves or muscles involved in laryngeal movement, causing paralysis.
Congenital abnormalities: Certain breeds of dogs, like Bouviers des Flandres, Bulldogs, and Rottweilers, may have a congenital predisposition to laryngeal paralysis due to anatomical abnormalities in the larynx.
Tumors: Growths or masses in the neck region, such as tumors or abscesses, can compress the nerves or obstruct the movement of the larynx, resulting in paralysis.
Infections: Viral or bacterial infections can cause inflammation and swelling in the larynx or the surrounding areas, leading to temporary or permanent paralysis.
Toxins: Exposure to certain toxins, like heavy metals or pesticides, can damage the nerves and muscles associated with laryngeal function.
Neurological disorders: Diseases that affect the brain or central nervous system, such as encephalitis or stroke, can also lead to laryngeal paralysis as a result of nerve damage.
Diagnosing laryngeal paralysis requires a thorough physical examination, including an evaluation of the dog's respiratory system and neurological status. Additional tests like X-rays, imaging techniques, and electromyography may be recommended to determine the specific cause of the paralysis and guide appropriate treatment.