- A foreign object lodged in the throat or airways: If the object is small and smooth, it may be possible for the dog to dislodge it on its own by coughing or swallowing. However, larger or irregularly-shaped objects can become lodged in the airway and block breathing, which is a medical emergency.
- Kennel cough: This is a highly contagious respiratory infection common in dogs that are housed together in close quarters, such as kennels or shelters. Symptoms include a hacking cough, sneezing, and runny eyes or nose.
- Distemper: This is a potentially fatal viral disease that can affect dogs of all ages, but it is most common in puppies. Symptoms include fever, runny eyes and nose, vomiting, diarrhea, and coughing.
- Tracheal collapse: This is a condition in which the trachea, or windpipe, becomes weakened and collapses, causing a cough that sounds like a goose honking.
- Heartworm disease: This is a serious condition caused by parasitic worms that live in the heart and lungs of dogs. Symptoms include a hacking cough, difficulty breathing, and fatigue.
- Allergies: Allergies to environmental triggers, such as dust, pollen, and mold, can cause coughing in dogs.
If your dog is persistently hacking and having trouble breathing, it is essential to take them to the veterinarian as soon as possible for a proper diagnosis and treatment. The veterinarian will perform a physical examination, listen to the dog's lungs and heart, and may recommend further diagnostic tests, such as X-rays or bloodwork.