Here's a closer look at the composition:
* Epidermis: The outer layer of the pad is made of a thick layer of keratin, the same protein that makes up our fingernails and hair. This layer provides protection and durability.
* Dermis: The inner layer contains blood vessels, nerves, and sweat glands. This layer helps regulate temperature, provide sensation, and keep the pads moist.
* Subcutaneous fat: A layer of fat beneath the dermis provides cushioning and insulation.
The pads also have a unique structure called dermal ridges, which are similar to fingerprints in humans. These ridges help with traction and grip on various surfaces.
The combination of these features makes dog pads tough, resilient, and adaptable to different terrains, allowing them to walk and run comfortably on all sorts of surfaces.