1. Lamb: The lamb is a common symbol of Jesus Christ. It represents his sacrificial nature, gentleness, and purity. The "Agnus Dei" (Lamb of God) is depicted as a lamb with a halo or holding a cross, symbolizing Christ's sacrifice for humanity.
2. Fish: The fish is another widely recognized symbol in early Christian art. In Greek, the word for fish ("ichthys") forms an acronym for "Iesous Christos Theou Yios Soter" which translates to "Jesus Christ, Son of God, Savior." Thus, the fish became a secret symbol among early Christians to identify themselves discreetly.
3. Dove: The dove is a symbol of the Holy Spirit. It appears in biblical accounts such as the baptism of Jesus and the story of Noah's Ark. In early Christian art, the dove often represents divine inspiration, peace, and purity.
4. Peacock: The peacock is associated with immortality and resurrection. Its beautiful plumage and vibrant colors symbolize the beauty of paradise and the hope of eternal life.
5. Lion: The lion is a symbol of strength, courage, and kingship. It's believed to represent Christ as the "Lion of Judah" from the tribe of Judah, as prophesied in the Bible.
6. Eagle: The eagle symbolizes transcendence, spiritual vision, and resurrection. It's often associated with the ascent of the soul towards heaven.
7. Phoenix: The phoenix, a mythical bird that rises from its own ashes, represents resurrection, renewal, and eternal life. It symbolizes Christ's triumph over death and the promise of eternal life for believers.
These animal icons were chosen for their symbolic meanings and were incorporated into various forms of Christian art, such as paintings, mosaics, sculptures, and illuminated manuscripts, to communicate theological concepts and messages to believers.