1. General Observation: The veterinarian starts by observing the puppy's overall appearance, behavior, and body condition. They assess the puppy's alertness, mobility, and any signs of discomfort or pain.
2. Eyes: The veterinarian examines the puppy's eyes for any abnormalities, such as cloudiness, discharge, or excessive blinking. They check the pupils' size and responsiveness to light.
3. Ears: The veterinarian inspects the puppy's ears for any signs of infection, inflammation, or mites. They also check the ear canals for wax buildup or foreign objects.
4. Nose: The veterinarian examines the puppy's nose for any discharge, crusting, or signs of respiratory problems. They check if the puppy can breathe comfortably through both nostrils.
5. Mouth: The veterinarian examines the puppy's mouth for any abnormalities, such as malocclusion (misaligned teeth), gum inflammation, or signs of dental disease. They may also check the puppy's tongue and throat.
6. Skin and Coat: The veterinarian examines the puppy's skin for any rashes, parasites, lesions, or signs of skin allergies. They also check the coat for any signs of dullness, dryness, or excessive shedding.
7. Heart and Lungs: The veterinarian listens to the puppy's heart for any abnormal sounds, such as murmurs or arrhythmias. They also listen to the puppy's lungs for any crackling, wheezing, or other respiratory sounds.
8. Abdomen: The veterinarian gently palpates the puppy's abdomen to check for any abnormalities, such as pain, distension, or the presence of masses or fluid.
9. Limbs: The veterinarian examines the puppy's limbs for any signs of lameness, deformities, or joint swelling. They check the puppy's gait and range of motion.
10. Diagnostic Tests: Depending on the puppy's age and medical history, the veterinarian may recommend additional tests, such as a fecal examination to check for intestinal parasites and a blood test to check for anemia, infections, or other health concerns.
A thorough physical exam allows the veterinarian to assess the puppy's overall health, identify any potential medical problems, and provide appropriate treatment or preventive recommendations. It is an essential part of puppy care and ensures the puppy's well-being and healthy development.