* Narrowed Nostrils: The flattened face leads to narrowed nostrils, making it difficult for air to enter the nasal passages easily. This leads to increased effort and often noisy breathing (snorting, wheezing).
* Elongated Soft Palate: The soft palate, the tissue at the back of the roof of the mouth, is often too long in pugs. This palate can partially block the airway, further hindering airflow.
* Stenotic Nares: The narrowness of the nostrils is often referred to as stenotic nares.
* Hypoplastic Trachea: In some cases, the trachea (windpipe) can be underdeveloped, making it harder for air to pass through.
* Heat Intolerance: Due to the restricted airflow, pugs struggle to cool down efficiently, making them more susceptible to overheating, especially in hot weather.
These breathing problems can range from mild to severe, and can affect a pug's quality of life. Some pugs may only experience occasional snoring and difficulty breathing during exercise, while others may suffer from severe respiratory distress.
It's important to note: While brachycephalic breeds are prone to breathing issues, not all pugs will experience serious problems. However, it's crucial to be aware of the potential risks and to seek veterinary care if you notice any breathing difficulties in your pug.
If you're considering a pug, it's important to carefully research the breed and understand the potential health challenges associated with their facial structure. Responsible breeders will be upfront about these issues and will prioritize the health and well-being of their dogs.