* The German Pinscher: The Doberman shares many physical and temperamental traits with the German Pinscher, including its sleek build and intelligence.
* The Black and Tan Terrier: This breed is believed to have contributed the Doberman's short coat, black and tan coloring, and strong hunting instincts.
* Other breeds: It's also likely that other breeds were used in the development of the Doberman, such as the Rottweiler, the Manchester Terrier, and the Weimaraner.
It's important to note that the development of the Doberman Pinscher was a deliberate and controlled breeding program, initiated by a tax collector named Friedrich Louis Dobermann. He aimed to create a loyal and intelligent dog, capable of guarding his property and protecting him on his rounds.