Signs of Labor in a Small Dog

The birth of a new litter of puppies is both exciting and nerve-wracking. Most births come off without a hitch, but there are so many things that could potentially go wrong it is a good idea for at least one person to be present throughout the entire process. Small dogs are especially prone to difficult births, and the puppies occasionally need help during the final push out of the birth canal. To make sure you are there from start to finish, you must be able to recognize the signs of impending labor.

  1. 58 Days Later

    • The average gestation period for dogs is 63 days, but very small dogs have been known to deliver up to a week earlier. As Day 58 post-mating approaches, begin to monitor your dog for signs of restlessness and anxiety. If your dog has not delivered by Day 69, a trip to the vet is in order.

    Restlessness

    • As your dog senses labor approaching, she may become restless. She may pace, whine, dig and generally not know what to do with herself, and may even lose her appetite. This usually begins a couple of days before labor and builds in intensity until right before the births.

    Temperature Drop

    • A dog's normal rectal temperature is between 101 and 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit. As your dog becomes restless and you feel labor is imminent, begin taking her temperature hourly with a rectal thermometer dipped in KY Jelly. Glass thermometers are generally more comfortable than digital ones for smaller dogs. When her temperature drops below 100 degrees Fahrenheit, she will begin giving birth within 24 hours.

    Contractions

    • As early as 16 hours before the first birth, your dog will begin experiencing contractions. They will be mild at first, although you may be able to feel them by placing your hand on her abdomen. The contractions will gradually build in intensity until you can actually see her abdomen contract with the force of each one. She will be confused and in pain, so keep her environment quiet and be as soothing as possible.

    Water Breaks

    • Once the contractions begin to increase in intensity, the placental sac will break and release a yellowish liquid. Your dog will begin to push in earnest at this point, and the first puppy should arrive within 30 minutes, or as soon as five minutes. After the initial delivery, puppies will arrive every 30 minutes or so, and a placenta will be expelled between each delivery.