Instructions
Verify the physical address of the kennel. Often puppy mills and vendors who get their dogs from puppy mills will use a post office box address as the address of their kennel. Obviously, you do not want to buy from someone who supports puppy mills in any way as you will likely end up with a dog that has been abused and neglected, so you will need to look up the address online. Many websites will let you enter the address of a location and then you can actually view current satellite photos of the area. You can also call a local realtor or even the town hall to verify that you are buying from an honest, responsible puppy owner.
Verify references. After the dog owner has provided references, call them all and verify them. If you cannot reach them or if they do not seem to know much about the breeder, this is a big red flag. The breeder may not breed dogs at all but may be running a scam instead.
Work out the details of the contract and have it signed before the dog is shipped. Any dog, regardless of breed or circumstance, should come with a contract if you are buying it online. You and the seller should work out to both your satisfactions how the dog will be transported, exactly what you are expecting to receive, how long you have to return the dog (this is usually at least a 72-hour window in which you can have the dog examined by a veterinarian), and information on health issues and hereditary conditions. The contract should also clearly state how much you are paying for the dog and how the money is to be paid.
Ask for additional photos of the dog. Once you have them, make sure that it is the same dog in all of the photos. Many online sellers actually post pictures of other breeder's dogs, then send you something entirely different when you buy from them.
Have a phone conversation with the dog owner about caring for the dog. The owner should be able to tell you what the puppy has been fed, exactly what shots it has had and when, how it behaves, how it has been socialized and any breed-specific instructions about the dog. If the breeder seems vague, then you need to be suspicious and probably should not make the purchase. It may mean that the breeder is raising too many dogs at once, or it may mean that there are no dogs at all.
Request permission to come pick up the dog in person. Even if there is actually no way that you will be able to pick up the dog in person or have a friend do it, you still should offer. If the owner balks then there is very likely some type of problem. Responsible breeders and rescue agencies are generally eager for you to see the quality of care for their dogs and are happy to give you a little more background on your new pet.
How to Buy a Dog Online
When you are considering buying a dog, it is natural to look online. There are thousands of adoption agencies, kennels and private, in-home breeders all advertising their puppies and adult dogs online. However, should you choose to buy a dog online you need to take several extra steps before you do so to ensure that you get the dog you want and that you do not inadvertently support a breeder who is irresponsible or who even runs a puppy mill.