Rabies shots are a type of vaccine, but not all vaccines are rabies shots. Vaccines are biological preparations that provide acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. When a vaccine is introduced into the body, the immune system responds by producing antibodies that specifically target that microorganism. These antibodies help protect the body against future infection by the same microorganism.
Rabies shots, specifically, are vaccines that are used to prevent rabies, a deadly viral infection of the central nervous system. The rabies vaccine is made from inactivated rabies virus and is administered as a series of shots, typically over a period of several weeks. The vaccine works by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies that can recognize and neutralize the rabies virus, thus preventing the virus from causing disease.