Groups of animals that have UV vision?

Several groups of animals have been found to possess ultraviolet (UV) vision, allowing them to perceive light in the ultraviolet spectrum. Here are some notable examples:

1. Insects:

- Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps): Many hymenoptera species, including honeybees, have shown sensitivity to UV light. Bees use UV cues for foraging and navigation.

- Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths): Butterflies and moths often have UV patterns on their wings, which play a role in mate selection, communication, and nectar-foraging behaviors.

- Diptera (flies): Certain fly species, such as fruit flies and horseflies, have UV-sensitive photoreceptors involved in visual behaviors.

2. Birds:

- Passerine birds (songbirds, sparrows, finches): Some passerine birds, such as blue tits, great tits, and European starlings, have UV-sensitive vision and utilize UV cues in foraging and mate choice.

- Birds of prey (raptors): Raptors like eagles, hawks, and falcons have been found to possess UV sensitivity, which aids in detecting camouflaged prey and navigating during hunting.

3. Reptiles:

- Lizards: Many lizard species, including green anoles and some geckos, have UV vision. UV light is crucial for their thermoregulation, mate recognition, and prey detection.

- Snakes: Certain snakes, such as rattlesnakes and garter snakes, have UV-sensitive vision. It helps them locate prey, including small rodents that reflect UV light.

4. Fish:

- Teleost fish (bony fish): Several teleost fish species, including zebrafish, goldfish, and guppies, have UV-sensitive photoreceptors. UV vision aids in finding food, avoiding predators, and communicating with conspecifics.

5. Amphibians:

- Frogs: Some frog species, like African clawed frogs and leopard frogs, exhibit UV sensitivity. UV light is essential for their orientation and prey detection.

6. Mammals:

- Marsupials: Opossums and some other marsupials have UV vision, which assists in finding food and navigating their environment.

While these examples highlight groups with UV vision, it's important to note that not all species within a group have UV sensitivity. The presence or absence of UV vision can vary among different species and even within the same species under specific conditions.