On average, a dachshund's estrous cycle lasts about 21 days but can range from 18 to 28 days. The cycle is divided into four stages:
1. Proestrus: This stage marks the beginning of the estrous cycle and usually lasts for a few days. During proestrus, the female dachshund may show signs of swelling and bloody discharge from the vulva. She may also become more affectionate and attentive to male dogs.
2. Estrus: This is the fertile phase of the cycle, where the female dachshund is receptive to mating. Estrus typically lasts for 5-10 days, and it's during this stage that breeding is most likely to result in pregnancy. The bloody discharge from the vulva may become lighter or stop altogether during this phase.
3. Diestrus: Diestrus occurs after ovulation and lasts for about 10-14 days. During this stage, the female dachshund is not receptive to mating, and the corpus luteum (a gland that forms after ovulation) produces progesterone to support a potential pregnancy.
4. Anestrus: This is the resting phase of the estrous cycle and typically lasts for several months. During anestrus, the female dachshund's reproductive system is inactive, and she will not show any signs of estrus.
As a general guideline, female dachshunds typically go into heat (estrus) about two times per year, but it can vary among individuals. The timing of their estrous cycle can also be influenced by factors such as age, health, and environmental factors like photoperiod (the duration of daylight).
It's important for dachshund owners to understand the estrous cycle and recognize the signs of heat in their dogs to make informed decisions about breeding, responsible pet ownership, and preventing unwanted pregnancies. It is also recommended to seek advice from a veterinarian if you have any concerns about your dachshund's reproductive health or behavior during these cycles.