The main ingredients in lemon cupcakes are not inherently toxic to dogs, but they can cause digestive upset if consumed in large amounts. These ingredients include sugar, flour, butter, eggs, and lemon extract.
Sugar can cause weight gain and dental issues, while butter and eggs can lead to pancreatitis if ingested in large quantities. Lemon extract, even in small amounts, can cause gastrointestinal upset, including vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps. Additionally, the wrapper of the cupcake can be a choking hazard for dogs.
If your dog has consumed a large number of lemon cupcakes or the wrapper, monitor them for signs of digestive distress and contact your veterinarian immediately.