Gram-negative bacteria:
* E. coli: A common cause of diarrhea, especially in puppies. It can range from mild to severe, sometimes leading to dehydration.
* Salmonella: Another common cause of diarrhea, often accompanied by vomiting and fever. It can be very serious, especially in young puppies and immunocompromised dogs.
* Campylobacter: Causes diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Can be zoonotic (transmissible to humans).
* Clostridium: A group of bacteria that can cause various illnesses, including clostridial enteritis (bloody diarrhea), botulism, and tetanus.
Gram-positive bacteria:
* Clostridium perfringens: Often linked to sudden death in dogs, particularly after eating contaminated food.
* Staphylococcus: Can cause diarrhea, vomiting, and skin infections.
* Streptococcus: Can cause various infections, including diarrhea and respiratory infections.
Other bacteria:
* Yersinia: Can cause gastroenteritis, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe.
* Helicobacter: Can cause gastritis and ulcers, but is less common in dogs than in humans.
Factors influencing infection:
* Age: Puppies and senior dogs are more susceptible.
* Immune status: Dogs with compromised immune systems are at higher risk.
* Diet: Eating contaminated food or water can increase the risk.
* Environment: Contact with infected animals or contaminated environments can lead to transmission.
Symptoms of intestinal bacterial infections in dogs:
* Diarrhea (can range from watery to bloody)
* Vomiting
* Abdominal pain
* Fever
* Lethargy
* Loss of appetite
* Dehydration
Diagnosis and Treatment:
A veterinarian will examine your dog, take a fecal sample to identify the specific bacteria, and may run other tests. Treatment usually involves supportive care, such as fluids to prevent dehydration, and may include antibiotics depending on the bacteria causing the infection.
Important Note: If you suspect your dog has a bacterial infection, it's crucial to seek veterinary attention immediately. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent serious complications.