Body language: Golden retrievers can express a variety of emotions and intentions through their body language. For example, a wagging tail can indicate happiness or excitement, while pinned-back ears may show fear or nervousness.
Facial expressions: Golden retrievers also communicate through their facial expressions. A relaxed, open mouth may indicate contentment, while a wrinkled nose and narrowed eyes can convey frustration or anger.
Vocalizations: Golden retrievers are known for their distinctive bark, which can vary in pitch and tone to convey different messages. They may also whine, whimper, or growl to express different emotions or intentions.
Scent marking: Golden retrievers may mark their territory by urinating or defecating in specific areas. They may also rub their bodies against objects to leave their scent behind.
Touch: Golden retrievers use touch to communicate affection, reassurance, or dominance. They may nudge or lean against someone to show affection, or push or bump to communicate dominance.
By understanding their body language, facial expressions, vocalizations, scent marking, and touch, humans can better understand the messages that golden retrievers are trying to convey and better communicate with them in return.